{"id":141,"date":"2021-03-04T18:35:16","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T18:35:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/?page_id=141"},"modified":"2023-03-21T21:20:58","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T21:20:58","slug":"beginning-the-process","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/beginning-the-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Beginning the Process"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1>\n\t\tBeginning the Process\n\t<\/h1>\n<h2>\n\t\tBy Dr. John C. Davis\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<p>Having failed in 1970 to get a majority of Arkansans to ratify a new constitution, elected officials such as David Pryor, interest group representatives, and other advocates for reform continued to advance the idea of a new constitution, albeit with a more balanced approach as to what would change and would remain from the 1874 document.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t<p>In 1974, David Pryor was elected governor and, during the 1975 General Assembly, successfully championed a proposal to once again hold a constitutional convention. However, this time, the convention delegates were to be prohibited from addressing certain issues that might have otherwise prevented risk-averse Arkansans from supporting the new document.<\/p>\n<p>While only a few years out from the earlier ratification defeat of 1970, there was reason to believe Arkansans were open to the idea of a new constitution. After all, the state&#8217;s voters had granted permission to convene a convention as recently as 1968 (before voting the final product down in 1970). For one, the state&#8217;s voters liked the idea of reform but were reluctant to throw out the 1874 state constitution in its entirety. Also, considering a majority of voters approved <a href=\"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/amendments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amendment 55<\/a> in 1974, reform was on the minds of Arkansans. However, Pryor&#8217;s attempt at a convention whereby topics for consideration were limited was successfully challenged in court and ruled unconstitutional.<\/p>\n\tngg_shortcode_0_placeholder\n\t<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FdB_hCsbCkI\" width=\"600\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\t<p>Following the court ruling, the General Assembly passed a measure putting the question of calling a constitutional convention-with no prohibition on the topics under consideration-to the voters in 1976. Despite the failed ratification attempt a few years earlier, Arkansans were once again willing to consider the prospect of large-scale constitutional change, as the measure to convene a new constitutional convention passed with 57% approval. The following summer, the General Assembly-in a special session-passed legislation to facilitate the process by which a convention would be called in 1979.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Act 3 of the 1977 special session called for convening of the convention two times to conduct business and-after being amended in 1979-a third time to reconsider the convention&#8217;s work and raise public awareness before voters cast their ballots. In 1978, Arkansas voters elected 100 delegates for the convention and chose the 1980 General Election-rather than a special election-for determining the question of ratification.<\/p>\n\tngg_shortcode_1_placeholder\n\tngg_shortcode_2_placeholder\n\tngg_shortcode_3_placeholder\n\t<p>The following month in December 1978, the delegates met for an organizational meeting and elected Robert A. Leflar-a professor of law who had presided over the previous convention-president and selected one vice president from each of the state&#8217;s four U.S. House of Representatives districts. Eight substantive committees were formed to address issues related to the three branches of government, suffrage and elections, local government, citizens&#8217; rights and services, finance and taxation, and general provisions and seven procedural committees were created to facilitate the work of the convention.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/files\/2021\/06\/Committee-List.png\" alt=\"List of committees at the Convention: Executive Branch, Legislative Branch, Judicial Branch, Suffrage and Elections, Local Government, Citizens Rights and Services, Finance and Taxation, and General Provisions\" itemprop=\"image\" height=\"400\" width=\"1200\" title=\"Convention Committee List\" onerror=\"this.style.display='none'\"  \/>\n\t<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\tFor More Information:\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>English, Arthur, and John J. Carroll. &#8220;Constitutional Reform in Arkansas: The 1979-1980\u00a0Convention.&#8221; <i>National Civic Review<\/i> 71, no. 5 (May 1982): 240-267.<\/p>\n<p>Goss, Kay. <i>The Arkansas State Constitution: A Reference Guide.<\/i> Westport, CT:\u00a0Greenwood Press, 1993.<\/p>\n<p>Ledbetter, Calvin R. Interview by Monica Mylonas. January 18, 2013. UA Little Rock Center\u00a0for Arkansas History and Culture, Little Rock, AR.<\/p>\n<p>Ledbetter, Calvin R. &#8220;The Proposed Arkansas Constitution of 1980.&#8221; <i>The Arkansas\u00a0<\/i><i>Historical Quarterly <\/i>60, no. 1 (2001): 53-74.<\/p>\n<p><i>Pryor v. Lowe<\/i>, 258 Ark. 188, 523 S.W.2d 199 (Ark.1975). https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/pryor-et-al-v-lowe-et-al<\/p>\n<p>Riviere, Paul. &#8220;1976 Arkansas Elections: A Compilation of Primary, Run-Off, and\u00a0General Election Results for State and District Offices.&#8221; Arkansas Secretary of State, Little Rock, AR. Accessed: May 26, 2021. https:\/\/www.sos.arkansas.gov\/uploads\/elections\/1976%20Election%20Results.pdf<\/p>\n\t<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\n\t\tAbout the Author:\n\t<\/h3>\n\t<p>John C. Davis is an associate professor of political science at the University of Arkansas at Monticello. His research interests include political parties, voting, Southern politics, and Arkansas politics. A native Arkansan, John lives in Monticello with his wife, Ember, and two children, John Lee, and Grace Anne.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"entry-summary\"><div class=\"entry-summary\">\n<p>Beginning the Process By Dr. John C. Davis Having failed in 1970 to get a majority of Arkansans to ratify a new constitution, elected officials such as David Pryor, interest group representatives, and other advocates for reform continued to advance&hellip;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/beginning-the-process\/\" class=\"more-link\"><br \/>\n\t\tContinue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Beginning the Process&rdquo;<\/span>&hellip;\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"link-more\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/beginning-the-process\/\" class=\"more-link\">\n\t\tContinue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &ldquo;Beginning the Process&rdquo;<\/span>&hellip;\t<\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/no-intro.php","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-141","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15029,"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141\/revisions\/15029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ualrexhibits.org\/convention\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}